Two Drugs or Three
November 2nd, 2026
Expiration date
November 2nd, 2027
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 2026
1:00 pm ET / 12:00 pm CT / 11:00 am MT / 10:00 am PT
Supported by Independent Educational Grants from Gilead Sciences and Merck
Antiretroviral therapy has long relied on three-drug regimens as the standard of care for people with HIV. Today, evidence supports selected two-drug regimens as effective options for certain treatment-naive and virologically suppressed patients. With more treatment choices available, determining which regimen is right for an individual patient requires careful consideration of clinical and patient-specific factors.
Through real-world patient cases, this webinar explores when to consider a two-drug versus three-drug regimen, how to evaluate factors such as resistance history, hepatitis B coinfection, and virologic status, and how to use current evidence and guidelines to make individualized treatment decisions. Faculty will also highlight how members of the interprofessional HIV care team can contribute their expertise to regimen evaluation, shared decision-making, and ongoing treatment management.
Practical
Clinician-Led
Case-Based
Team-Based
William R. Short, MD, MPH, FIDSA
William R. Short, MD, MPH, FIDSA, is an Associate Professor of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine, Associate Director of Penn’s HIV Adult Clinical Trials Unit, and Co-Director of the Clinical Core of Penn’s Center for AIDS Research. He is an HIV clinician, educator, and researcher who serves on multiple national HIV treatment and care guideline panels
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William R. Short, MD, MPH, FIDSA is an Associate Professor of Medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. He earned his Doctor of Medicine degree from Hahnemann University. He completed an internship, residency, and chief residency in Internal Medicine followed by an Infectious Diseases Fellowship at MCP/Hahnemann University.
Dr. Short serves as Associate Director of Penn’s HIV Adult Clinical Trials Unit (ACTU) and Co-Director of the Clinical Core of Penn’s Center for AIDS Research (CFAR). He maintains two active clinical practices one in the Penn Community Practice and the second in the Helen O. Dickens OB/GYN Clinic, where he is involved in the care of pregnant women living with HIV.
At the national level, Dr. Short serves as a Scientific/Clinical Member of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Panel on Treatment of HIV During Pregnancy and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission, contributing to the Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs During Pregnancy and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States. He is also a member of the HIV Primary Care Guidelines Panel and the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV.
Dr. Short is deeply committed to teaching trainees at the Perelman School of Medicine, where he actively mentors learners across multiple departments, including Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, and Obstetrics and Gynecology. He is known for his engaging, clinically grounded teaching style and his ability to translate complex concepts into practical, patient-centered care.
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David B. Cluck, PharmD, FIDSA, FCCP, BCPS, BCIDP, AAHIVP
David B. Cluck, PharmD, FIDSA, FCCP, BCPS, BCIDP, AAHIVP, is a Professor of Pharmacy Practice at East Tennessee State University’s Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy. An infectious diseases and HIV clinical pharmacist and educator, he has extensive experience in HIV treatment, antiretroviral therapy, and infectious diseases pharmacotherapy HIV treatment, and pharmacy education
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David B. Cluck, PharmD, FIDSA, FCCP, BCPS, BCIDP, AAHIVP, is a Professor of Pharmacy Practice at East Tennessee State University’s (ETSU) Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy in Johnson City, Tennessee. He has extensive experience in infectious diseases pharmacotherapy, HIV treatment, and pharmacy education.
Dr. Cluck previously served as a Clinical Pharmacist specializing in HIV and infectious diseases at the University of Virginia Health Ryan White HIV Clinic. At ETSU, he has taught and coordinated courses in infectious diseases, pharmacotherapy, pharmacokinetics, and clinical pharmacy practice.
He earned his Doctor of Pharmacy degree, cum laude, from Auburn University and completed a pharmacy practice residency at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, followed by an infectious diseases specialty residency at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center. He holds board certifications in pharmacotherapy and infectious diseases pharmacy and is credentialed as an HIV Pharmacist by the American Academy of HIV Medicine.
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American Academy of CME, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
American Academy of CME, Inc., designates this educational activity for 1.0 ANCC contact hours.
California
Provider approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing, Provider Number CEP16993 for 1.0 contact hours.
This activity provides 1.0 ACPE contact hours (0.1 CEUs) of continuing education credit. Universal Activity Number JA4008191-0000-26-095-L02-P, Knowledge, Knowledge.
The opinions expressed in this accredited continuing education activity are those of the faculty, and do not represent those of the Academy/ACTHIV Institute. This educational activity is intended as a supplement to existing knowledge, published information, and practice guidelines. Learners should appraise the information presented critically, and draw conclusions only after careful consideration of all available scientific information.
Implicit Bias: Implicit bias refers to unconscious attitudes and stereotypes that influence our thoughts, judgements, decisions, and actions without our awareness. Everyone is susceptible to implicit bias, even clinicians. In healthcare, implicit biases can have a significant impact on the quality of care an individual receives. These biases can be both favorable and unfavorable, and are activated involuntarily without an individual’s awareness or intentional control. Studies have indicated that healthcare providers’ incorrect perceptions can impact providers’ communications and clinical decision-making contributing to disparities in clinical outcomes. Addressing implicit biases in healthcare is critical to improving health outcomes and promoting health equity for all patients. Patient-centered care can reduce the impact of implicit bias, by treating each patient as a unique individual who may or may not hold beliefs associated with their backgrounds and circumstances. In addition, recognizing implicit bias in one’s own practice using techniques such as self-reflection and mindful clinical decision-making can ensure more equitable and effective care for all patients.
Over the past several decades, cognitive science research has demonstrated human behavior, beliefs and attitudes are shaped by automatic and unconscious cognitive processes. The healthcare profession is devoting greater attention to how these automatic and unconscious processes impact care including: (1) preferential treatment toward or against specific patient populations causing healthcare inequities, (2) influence patient-provider communications leading to misunderstandings and mistrust, and (3) impact access to healthcare and affect treatment decisions resulting in misdiagnosis, delays in treatment and specialty referrals and poor pain management. Considering one might have unconscious biases and exploring them may be uncomfortable because the very idea that they exist may conflict with how clinicians perceive themselves. It is only by becoming aware of one’s unconscious biases that members of the healthcare team can take steps to mitigate them to ensure all their patients receive quality healthcare. For more information on strategies to reduce implicit bias, visit: https://www.ihi.org/library/blog/how-reduce-implicit-bias
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